What is Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)? How to configure Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)?

 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a gateway redundancy networking protocol used to create a virtual gateway similar to HSRP. VRRP enhances the availability of default gateway for devices on a LAN.

VRRP is an IEEE standard gateway redundancy protocol. VRRP uses the multicast group IP address 224.0.0.18 and transport port number UDP 112. VRRP does not provide load balancing like GLBP does. VRRP advertise timer is 1 second and master down time is 3 advertisements. yes, we can change the timer and priority, if both router priorities are the same then the highest IP address is a tiebreaker. One router becomes the master and the rest of the routers are for backup in case of failover of the master. If the master router is back on, it will automatically become a master router. By default, pre-empt is on in VRRP.

(Please take a look at HSRP and GLBP click here)

Let's see the configuration for a better understanding:- 

Topology:-

Goal:

• configure the topology as per the diagram 
• assign the IP address as per the topology 
• assign the IP addresses on PCs and default gateway 100.1.1.100
• configure a default route on router 1 and router 2 
• configure router 3 to act as ISP router and assign IP on loopbacks
• configure static routing on router 3
• configure VRRP on router 1 and make this router master 
• configure VRRP authentication MD5 internet
• configure VRRP on router 2 and make this router backup
• make sure LAN traffic can access the internet routes
• make the event failover and ensure router 2 which is for the back, becomes the master. 

VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#interface serial 4/0
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#no shutdown
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#exit

VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#interface fastethernet 1/1
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#ip address 100.1.1.10 255.255
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#ip address 100.1.1.10 255.255.255.0
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#no shutdown
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#exit
 
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config)#interface serial 4/1
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#ip address 23.2.2.1 255.0.0.0
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#no shutdown
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#exit

VRRP-SEC-R2-(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#ip address 100.1.1.20 255.255.255.0
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#no shutdown
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#exit
 
 
 
R3(config)#hostname ISP-R3-
ISP-R3-(config)#interface serial 4/1
ISP-R3-(config-if)#ip address 23.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP-R3-(config-if)#exit

 
ISP-R3-(config)#interface serial 4/0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#ip address 13.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP-R3-(config-if)#exit

ISP-R3-(config-if)#ip address 33.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#exit

ISP-R3-(config)#interface loopback 1
ISP-R3-(config-if)#ip address 33.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#exit

ISP-R3-(config)#interface loopback 2
ISP-R3-(config-if)#ip address 33.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
ISP-R3-(config-if)#exit
 
 
PC1> ip 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 100.1.1.100
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 100.1.1.100
 
PC1> show ip
 
NAME        : PC1[1]
IP/MASK     : 100.1.1.2/24
GATEWAY     : 100.1.1.100
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:00
LPORT       : 10031
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10032
MTU:        : 1500
 
PC1>
 
 
PC2> ip 100.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 100.1.1.100
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 100.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 gateway 100.1.1.100
 
PC2> show ip
 
NAME        : PC2[1]
IP/MASK     : 100.1.1.3/24
GATEWAY     : 100.1.1.100
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:01
LPORT       : 10033
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10034
MTU:        : 1500
 
PC2>
 
 
 
PC3> ip 100.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 100.1.1.100
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 100.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 gateway 100.1.1.100
 
PC3> show ip
 
NAME        : PC3[1]
IP/MASK     : 100.1.1.4/24
GATEWAY     : 100.1.1.100
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:02
LPORT       : 10035
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10036
MTU:        : 1500
 
PC3>
 
 
 
PC4> ip 100.1.1.5 255.255.255.0 100.1.1.100
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 100.1.1.5 255.255.255.0 gateway 100.1.1.100
 
PC4> show ip
 
NAME        : PC4[1]
IP/MASK     : 100.1.1.5/24
GATEWAY     : 100.1.1.100
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:03
LPORT       : 10037
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10038
MTU:        : 1500
 
PC4>

VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 4/0
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#exit
 
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 4/1
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config)#exit
 
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#interface fastethernet 1/1
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#vrrp 100 ip 100.1.1.100

VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#vrrp 100 priority 120
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#vrrp 100 authentication md5 key-string internet
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#vrrp 100 track 1
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#exit

*Mar 21 22:54:11.779: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa1/1 Grp 100 state Init -> Backup

*Mar 21 22:54:15.391: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa1/1 Grp 100 state Backup -> Master

VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#track 1 interface serial 4/0 line-protocol
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-track)#interface fastethernet 1/1
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#vrrp 100 track 1 decrement 30
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#exit

 
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#vrrp 100 ip 100.1.1.100

VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#vrrp 100 authentication md5 key-string  internet
VRRP-SEC-R2-(config-if)#end

 *Mar 21 23:01:28.271: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 100 state Init -> Backup

*Mar 21 23:01:31.883: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 100 state Backup -> Master

*Mar 21 23:01:58.271: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa0/0 Grp 100 state Master -> Backup

ISP-R3-(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 4/0
ISP-R3-(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 4/1 10
ISP-R3-(config)#exit
 
VRRP-PRIME-R1-#show vrrp interface fastEthernet 1/1
FastEthernet1/1 - Group 100
  State is Master
  Virtual IP address is 100.1.1.100
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0164
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 120
    Track object 1 state Up decrement 30
  Authentication MD5, key-string
  Master Router is 100.1.1.10 (local), priority is 120
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.531 sec
 
VRRP-PRIME-R1-#show vrrp brief
Interface          Grp Pri Time  Own Pre State   Master addr     Group addr
Fa1/1              100 120 3531       Y  Master  100.1.1.10      100.1.1.100
 
 
VRRP-SEC-R2-#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 100
  State is Backup
  Virtual IP address is 100.1.1.100
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0164
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 100
  Authentication MD5, key-string
  Master Router is 100.1.1.10, priority is 120
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.609 sec (expires in 2.989 sec)
 
VRRP-SEC-R2-#show vrrp brief
Interface          Grp Pri Time  Own Pre State   Master addr     Group addr
Fa0/0              100 100 3609       Y  Backup  100.1.1.10      100.1.1.100
 
 
PC1> ping 33.1.1.1
84 bytes from 33.1.1.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=49.541 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.1.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=47.846 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.1.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=46.660 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.1.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=47.615 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.1.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=48.413 ms
 
 
PC3> ping 33.1.2.1
84 bytes from 33.1.2.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=47.187 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.2.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=47.018 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.2.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=46.555 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.2.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=32.160 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.2.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=48.195 ms
 
PC4> ping 33.1.3.1
84 bytes from 33.1.3.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=46.460 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.3.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=46.906 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.3.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=47.081 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.3.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=47.244 ms
84 bytes from 33.1.3.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=254 time=47.286 ms
 
 
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
VRRP-PRIME-R1-(config-if)#shutdown

*Mar 21 23:25:48.295: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Fa1/1 Grp 100 state Master -> Init

 
VRRP-SEC-R2-#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 100
  State is Master
  Virtual IP address is 100.1.1.100
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.0164
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 100
  Authentication MD5, key-string
  Master Router is 100.1.1.20 (local), priority is 100
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.609 sec

What Bootstrap Router (BSR) ? How to configure Multicast PIM Bootstrap Router (BSR)?

What is Rendezvous's point?

The rendezvous point is a meeting point in the Multicast PIM sparse mode for all the multicast traffic. We have two ways to configure the Rendezvous point manually and automatically. Manual RP is for small networks and Auto RP is for large networks.

 

We have two discovery protocols for finding the Rendezvous point on the multicast network

 

1.     Auto Rendezvous point (Auto-RP)

2.     PIMv2 bootstrap router (BSR)

Multicast Bootstrap Router (BSR) 

Multicast PIM Bootstrap, also known as Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Bootstrap, is a protocol used in multicast routing to efficiently manage multicast traffic distribution in a network. PIM BSR router function is similar to Auto-RP but BSR is a standard-based protocol PIMv2 standard and also BSR supports IPv6 multicast. 

 

How does Multicast Bootstrap Router (BSR) work? 

 

• Candidate BSR: Bootstrap Router collects information from the available Rendezvous points in the multicast network and advertises it on PIM-enabled interfaces throughout the multicast network. 
• Candidate Rendezvous Point: Uses unicast PIM to advertise itself to BSR. 
• BSR messages are sent hop-by-hop using multicast address 224.0.0.13 with a TTL of 1. These messages are routed only within the local segment.
• When a multicast router receives a BSR message, it re-sends it to all other PIM-enabled interfaces.
• BSR messages contain information about the BSR itself and RP-to-group mappings.

BSR vs. Auto-RP:

• BSR is a standard protocol included in PIMv2, whereas Auto-RP is a Cisco proprietary protocol.
• BSR uses unicast packets for RP announcements, while Auto-RP uses multicast.
• BSR does not select the RP; it advertises all RPs with their associated multicast groups, allowing multicast routers to choose the RP they prefer.

 

 

Let's see the topology as per the diagram?

 

 

Topology:-https://youtu.be/vWHXTLczQUs?si=bduAb8ruzpumR8O1

 

 

Goal:

 

1.     configure the topology as per the diagram 

2.     configure IP addresses as per the topology

3.     configure IGP OSPF and advertise directly connected interfaces

4.     enable Multicasting on all the router

5.     configure PIM-SM on all interfaces 

6.     configure IGMP-group  224.50.50.50 on router 5 fa0/0

7.     configure Router 5 to advertise themselves as Rendezvous Point for all the groups

 

 

 

R1(config)#interface serial 4/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#no keepalive
R1(config-if)#exit
 
R2(config)#interface serial 4/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 4/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#no keepalive
R2(config-if)#exit
 
R3(config)#interface serial 4/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial 4/2
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no keepalive
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R4(config)#interface serial 4/2
R4(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.2 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/4
R4(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.2 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#no keepalive
R4(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface serial 4/4
R5(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.1 255.0.0.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit
 
*Mar 16 12:21:51.463: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit
 
*Mar 16 12:22:02.455: %OSPF-4-DUP_RTRID_NBR: OSPF detected duplicate router-id 20.1.1.1 from 2.2.2.2 on interface Serial4/1
*Mar 16 12:21:51.299: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 10.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R3(config)#router ospf 100
R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#exit
 
R4(config)#router ospf 100
R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#exit
*Mar 16 12:34:31.987: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 50.1.1.1 on Serial4/4 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar 16 12:32:10.451: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 30.1.1.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R5(config)# router ospf 100
R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#exit
*Mar 16 12:34:31.687: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 40.1.1.1 on Serial4/4 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
 
R1(config)#ip multicast-routing
R1(config)#interface serial 4/0
R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R1(config-if)#exit
 
R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R1(config-if)#exit
 
R2(config)#ip multicast-routing
R2(config)#interface serial 4/0
R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R2(config-if)#exit
 
R2(config)#interface serial 4/1
R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
 
*Mar 16 12:46:14.519: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.1 UP on interface Serial4/0
*Mar 16 12:46:58.943: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.2 UP on interface Serial4/1
R3(config)#ip multicast-routing
R3(config)#interface serial 4/1
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R3(config)#interface serial 4/2
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R3(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit
*Mar 16 12:46:58.947: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.1 UP on interface Serial4/1
*Mar 16 12:47:59.979: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.2 UP on interface Serial4/2
 
 
R4(config)#ip multicast-routing
R4(config)#interface serial 4/2
R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#interface serial 4/3
R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R4(config-if)#exit
 
*Mar 16 12:47:59.783: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.1 UP on interface Serial4/2
*Mar 16 13:09:18.855: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.1 UP on interface Serial4/4
 
R5(config)#interface loopback 0
R5(config-if)#ip address 15.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#router ospf 100
R5(config-router)#network 15.1.1.0 255.0.0.0 area 0
R5(config-router)#exit
 
R5(config)#ip multicast-routing
R5(config)#interface serial 4/4
R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface loopback 0
R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R5(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.50.50.50
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface f0/0
R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R5(config-if)#exit
 
*Mar 16 13:42:16.819: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 50.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0
 
R5(config)#ip pim rp-candidate loopback 0
R5(config)#ip pim bsr-candidate loopback 0
 
R5(config)#do show ip pim rp mapping
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings
This system is a candidate RP (v2)
This system is the Bootstrap Router (v2)
 
Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4
  RP 15.1.1.1 (?), v2
    Info source: 15.1.1.1 (?), via bootstrap, priority 0, holdtime 150
         Uptime: 00:00:58, expires: 00:01:29
 
R1#show ip pim rp mapping
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings
 
Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4
  RP 15.1.1.1 (?), v2
    Info source: 15.1.1.1 (?), via bootstrap, priority 0, holdtime 150
         Uptime: 00:07:26, expires: 00:02:01
 
 
R1#ping 224.50.50.50
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.50.50.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
 
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 116 ms
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 144 ms
 
 
R2#show ip pim rp mapping
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings
 
Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4
  RP 15.1.1.1 (?), v2
    Info source: 15.1.1.1 (?), via bootstrap, priority 0, holdtime 150
         Uptime: 00:41:52, expires: 00:01:47
R2#ping 224.50.50.50
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.50.50.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
 
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 108 ms
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 128 ms
 
R3#show ip pim neighbor
PIM Neighbor Table
Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,
      S - State Refresh Capable
Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR
Address                                                            Prio/Mode
2.2.2.1           Serial4/1                01:06:01/00:01:35 v2    1 / S P
3.3.3.2           Serial4/2                01:05:00/00:01:24 v2    1 / S P
R3#
R3#show ip pim rp mapping
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings
 
Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4
  RP 15.1.1.1 (?), v2
    Info source: 15.1.1.1 (?), via bootstrap, priority 0, holdtime 150
         Uptime: 00:42:53, expires: 00:01:44
 
R4#show ip pim interface
 
Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR     DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
3.3.3.2          Serial4/2                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0
4.4.4.1          Serial4/3                v2/S   0      30     1      0.0.0.0
5.5.5.2          Serial4/4                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0
R4#show ip pim rp mapping
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings
 
Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4
  RP 15.1.1.1 (?), v2
    Info source: 15.1.1.1 (?), via bootstrap, priority 0, holdtime 150
         Uptime: 00:43:22, expires: 00:02:18

R4#ping 224.50.50.50
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.50.50.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
 
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 24 ms
Reply to request 0 from 5.5.5.1, 64 ms
 

 
R2#show ip pim bsr-router
PIMv2 Bootstrap information
  BSR address: 15.1.1.1 (?)
  Uptime:      00:44:28, BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 0
  Expires:     00:01:54
x

 

What is Auto-RP? How to configure Auto-RP?

What is Rendezvous's point?

The rendezvous point is a meeting point in the Multicast PIM sparse mode for all the multicast traffic. We have two ways to configure the Rendezvous point manually and automatically. Manual RP is for small networks and Auto RP is for large networks.

We have two discovery protocols for finding the Rendezvous point on the multicast network.

1. Auto Rendezvous point (Auto-RP)
2. PIMv2 bootstrap router (BSR)

What is Auto Rendezvous Point (Auto-RP)?

Auto Rendezvous Point (Auto-RP) Auto Rendezvous Point, also called Auto-RP, is a protocol used in Cisco networking devices to dynamically distribute multicast group information. Auto-RP is a legacy Cisco proprietary method of learning RP information on the PIM multicast network. Auto-RP used for router automatically learns RP address.

 

How Does Auto Rendezvous Point Work?

Auto-RP operates by designating a specific router as the rendezvous point (RP) for a multicast group. This RP is responsible for maintaining information about the multicast group members and facilitating multicast traffic distribution within the network. Through the Auto-RP protocol, routers can automatically discover the RP and establish communication paths for multicast traffic.

1.       Candidate Rendezvous Point generates advertisements using (S. 224.0.1.39) and groups with group information

2.       Mapping agent listens for (*,224.0.1.39) to learn about Rendezvous Point mappings.

3.       Mapping agent generates advertisement using (S,224.0.1.40) to distribute RP mapping information.

Benefits of Auto Rendezvous Point

Implementing Auto-RP in a network offers several advantages, including:

• Simplified Configuration: Auto-RP automates determining the rendezvous point, eliminating the need for manual configuration and reducing the risk of human error.

• Scalability: By efficiently managing multicast group information, Auto-RP ensures that multicast traffic is routed optimally, even in large networks with multiple multicast groups.

• Improved Network Performance: With Auto-RP, routers can quickly adapt to changes in the network topology and ensure that multicast traffic is delivered efficiently and without delays.

 

 Topology:-

Goal:

• configure the topology as per the diagram 
• assign the IP addresses as per the topology 
• enable Multicast routing on all the routers 
• configure OSPF on all the routers
• configure PIM sparse mode
• configure manually IGMP multicast group membership on router 2 for testing.

• configure the RP address on all the routers. 
• configure Router 3 Loopback 0 to be RP and mapping agent for all multicast groups
• advertise Loopback 0 13.0.0.1 in OSPF
• Configure Auto-RP on all the routers
• make sure all the routers can listen to Announcements

 

R1(config)#interface serial 4/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#no keepalive
R1(config-if)#exit
 
R2(config)#interface serial 4/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 4/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#no keepalive
R2(config-if)#exit
 
R3(config)#interface serial 4/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial 4/2
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R3(config-if)#no keepalive
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R4(config)#interface serial 4/2
R4(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.2 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/4
R4(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.2 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown
R4(config-if)#no keepalive
R4(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface serial 4/4
R5(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.1 255.0.0.0
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
R5(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R5(config-if)#ip address 50.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
R5(config-if)#no keepalive
R5(config-if)#no shutdown
R5(config-if)#exit
 

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit

*Mar  9 13:26:44.063: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar  9 13:27:43.187: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 40.1.1.1 on Serial4/3 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#exit

*Mar  9 13:26:44.079: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar  9 13:27:09.215: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 30.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#exit

*Mar  9 13:27:55.571: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 40.1.1.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar  9 13:27:09.299: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
 
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R4(config-router)#exit

*Mar  9 13:27:55.763: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 30.1.1.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar  9 13:28:44.047: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 50.1.1.1 on Serial4/4 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R5(config-router)#exit
*Mar  9 13:28:43.951: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 40.1.1.1 on Serial4/4 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config)#ip multicast-routing

R1(config)#interface serial 4/0
R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R1(config-if)#exit

*Mar  9 13:32:17.003: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 10.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0
*Mar  9 13:32:57.099: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.2 UP on interface Serial4/0

R2(config)#ip multicast-routing

R2(config)#interface serial 4/0
R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial 4/1
R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R2(config-if)#exit

*Mar  9 13:32:57.135: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.1 UP on interface Serial4/0
*Mar  9 13:33:39.063: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 20.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0
*Mar  9 13:34:17.039: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.2 UP on interface Serial4/1

R3(config)#ip multicast-routing

R3(config)#interface serial 4/1
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial 4/2
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R3(config-if)#exit

*Mar  9 13:34:53.087: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 30.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0
*Mar  9 13:34:17.139: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.1 UP on interface Serial4/1
*Mar  9 13:35:33.479: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.2 UP on interface Serial4/2

R4(config)#ip multicast-routing

R4(config)#interface serial 4/2
R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/4
R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R4(config-if)#exit

*Mar  9 13:37:22.723: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.1 UP on interface Serial4/4
*Mar  9 13:35:33.647: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.1 UP on interface Serial4/2
*Mar  9 13:36:12.595: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 40.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0

R5(config)#ip multicast-routing
R5(config)#interface serial 4/4
R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R5(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode
R5(config-if)#exit

*Mar  9 13:37:46.543: %PIM-5-DRCHG: DR change from neighbor 0.0.0.0 to 50.1.1.1 on interface FastEthernet0/0
*Mar  9 13:37:22.611: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.2 UP on interface Serial4/4

R1#show ip pim interface

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR     DR

                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior

1.1.1.1          Serial4/0                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0

10.1.1.1         FastEthernet0/0          v2/S   0      30     1      10.1.1.1

R1#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

      S - State Refresh Capable

Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR

Address                                                            Prio/Mode

1.1.1.2           Serial4/0                00:07:37/00:01:27 v2    1 / S P

R2#show ip pim interface

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR     DR

                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior

1.1.1.2          Serial4/0                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0

2.2.2.1          Serial4/1                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0

20.1.1.1         FastEthernet0/0          v2/S   0      30     1      20.1.1.1

R2#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

      S - State Refresh Capable

Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR

Address                                                            Prio/Mode

1.1.1.1           Serial4/0                00:08:03/00:01:32 v2    1 / S P

2.2.2.2           Serial4/1                00:06:43/00:01:24 v2    1 / S P

R4#show ip pim interface

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR     DR

                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior

3.3.3.2          Serial4/2                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0

40.1.1.1         FastEthernet0/0          v2/S   0      30     1      40.1.1.1

5.5.5.2          Serial4/4                v2/S   1      30     1      0.0.0.0

R4#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

      S - State Refresh Capable

Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR

Address                                                            Prio/Mode

3.3.3.1           Serial4/2                00:06:02/00:01:35 v2    1 / S P

5.5.5.1           Serial4/4                00:04:13/00:01:26 v2    1 / S P

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip address 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-mode

R3(config-if)#ip pim send-rp-announce loopback 0 scope 10

R3(config)#ip pim send-rp-discovery loopback 0 scope 10

R3(config)#end

R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R3(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.5.5.5

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#network 13.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#ip pim autorp listener

R1(config)#end

R2(config)#ip pim autorp listener

R2(config)#end

R3(config)#ip pim autorp listener

R3(config)#end

R4(config)#ip pim autorp listener

R4(config)#end

R5(config)#ip pim autorp listener

R5(config)#end

R1#show ip pim rp mapping

PIM Group-to-RP Mappings

Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4

  RP 13.0.0.1 (?), v2v1

    Info source: 13.0.0.1 (?), elected via Auto-RP

         Uptime: 00:40:34, expires: 00:02:58

R1#show ip mroute

IP Multicast Routing Table

Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,

       L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,

       T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,

       X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,

       U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,

       Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,

       Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,

       V - RD & Vector, v - Vector

Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner

 Timers: Uptime/Expires

 Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 224.0.1.39), 00:40:38/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: D

  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0

  Outgoing interface list:

    Serial4/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:40:38/00:00:00

(13.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:00:48/00:02:11, flags: PT

  Incoming interface: Serial4/0, RPF nbr 1.1.1.2

  Outgoing interface list: Null

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:44:37/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL

  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0

  Outgoing interface list:

    Serial4/0, Forward/Sparse, 00:44:37/00:00:00

(13.0.0.1, 224.0.1.40), 00:40:40/00:02:51, flags: PLTX

  Incoming interface: Serial4/0, RPF nbr 1.1.1.2

  Outgoing interface list: Null

R5#show ip pim rp mapping

PIM Group-to-RP Mappings

Group(s) 224.0.0.0/4

  RP 13.0.0.1 (?), v2v1

    Info source: 13.0.0.1 (?), elected via Auto-RP

         Uptime: 00:41:26, expires: 00:02:01

R5#show ip mroute

IP Multicast Routing Table

Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,

       L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,

       T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry,

       X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,

       U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,

       Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,

       Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,

       V - RD & Vector, v - Vector

Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner

 Timers: Uptime/Expires

 Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 224.0.1.39), 00:41:29/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: D

  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0

  Outgoing interface list:

    Serial4/4, Forward/Sparse, 00:41:29/00:00:00

(13.0.0.1, 224.0.1.39), 00:01:39/00:01:20, flags: PT

  Incoming interface: Serial4/4, RPF nbr 5.5.5.2

  Outgoing interface list: Null

(*, 224.0.1.40), 00:44:31/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL

  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0

  Outgoing interface list:

    Serial4/4, Forward/Sparse, 00:44:31/00:00:00

(13.0.0.1, 224.0.1.40), 00:41:30/00:02:01, flags: PLTX

  Incoming interface: Serial4/4, RPF nbr 5.5.5.2

  Outgoing interface list: Null

R1#ping 224.5.5.5 repeat 100

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 2.2.2.2, 56 ms

Reply to request 0 from 2.2.2.2, 56 ms

Reply to request 1 from 2.2.2.2, 72 ms

Reply to request 1 from 2.2.2.2, 96 ms

Reply to request 1 from 2.2.2.2, 96 ms

Reply to request 1 from 2.2.2.2, 72 ms

Reply to request 2 from 2.2.2.2, 88 ms

Reply to request 2 from 2.2.2.2, 108 ms

Reply to request 3 from 2.2.2.2, 68 ms

Reply to 

R1#show ip pim autorp

AutoRP Information:

  AutoRP is enabled.

  AutoRP groups over sparse mode interface is enabled

PIM AutoRP Statistics: Sent/Received

  RP Announce: 0/0, RP Discovery: 0/51